heterogeneous- Mix of dissimilar things
heterogeneous society- composed of different people or cultures/ melting pot
immigrant- legal alien from a different country
reservation- public land given to the Native Americans by the U.S. government
refugee- moves to another country for protect
assimilation- change your culture to meet a different culture
The minority population is African American, Native American, Hispanic,
More females than males population
Why is discrimination greatest against African American
Longest victims of consistent and deliberate treatment
African Americans make up 14% of the US population
Most of the gangs are African Americans
Native Americans 1 million Native Americans in the 1600
250,000 in 1900
Almost 6 million in modern times
Indian Education Act of 1972 was made to help the Native Americans with education
Hispanic Americans Spanish people
Largest minority group today- 50 million in the US
Divided into four main subgroups: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Asian Americans
Asian Americans
Chinese laborers were the first Asians to come to America in large numbers inteh 1850 & 1860
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882- 80 years
WWII- all Japanese were evacuated to the Pacific Coast. Even native born.
Congress eventually admitted this was wrong/unjust- changed its ways
Section III
Those who oppose Civil Rights often believe you cant change morality by passing a law: ppl wont think/treat others differently just because the Federal Government says they should
Dr. King "Judicial decrees...may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless."
1870-1950: no meaningful legislation passed in regards to civil rights
Civil Rights Acts of 1964- passed after the longest debate in Senate history (83 days) Made changes
1.
2.
3. Federal funding programs could not discriminate for the reasons listed above
4. Employers and labor unions also could no discriminate for the above reasons
Civil Rights Act of 1968- aka Open Housing Act- cannot refuse selling/rent living space to a person due to race, religion,
Title IX forbids discrimination on the basis of gender in any educational program or program regarding financial assistance. Equal funding and opportunities must be given to women athletics
Affirmative Action
Requires employers take positive steps to fix the affects of past discrimination
Employers must meet quotas for minority groups/gender
Many argue this results in reverse discrimination: discrimination against the majority group; they are denied opportunities so minority groups have more opportunities
"Color Blind"
Bakke Case
Allan Bakke sued the University of California because he was denied access to their medical school due to Affirmative Action (16/100 seats were reserved for minority students)
Bakke won the case
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor predicts in 25 years, the use of racial preferences will no longer be necessary
You are a citizen if you swear an allegiance
Before 1860's citizenship was not important
Immigration at an all-time high
14th amendment (1868) was the first constitutional definition- all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and subject to the jurisdiction there of, are citizens of the U.S. and of the State where in they reside
Two ways to be citizens
Natural born
90% of Americans are citizens by birth
US vs Wong Kim Ark sue the US for not being aloud to come back to America
Naturalization- legal process by which a person can become a citizen of another country at some time after birth. Congress has Exclusive power to provide for naturalization
Collective Naturalization is citizenship granted by en mousse
You can no longer be an American citizen if given up willingly
this is called Expatriation
Naturalized citizens can lose their citizenship through denationalization- only occurs by a court order after someone is an American citizen
Can be cancelled by fraud
Marriage- does not make a person a "citizen"- only shortens the time of the naturalization process
Immigration
Congress has exclusive power to regulate the crossing of this nation's borders: inward & outward
Immigration Act of 1965- did away with the quota system
Immigration Act of 1990- governs the admission of aliens in the US. this act now allows 675,000
Can be denied entrance based on their characteristics: criminal, mentally ill who might be a harm, etc.
Deportation- legal process by which aliens are required to leave the country
Biggest reasons of deportation: illegal immigrant, conviction of a serious crime.
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